清浊分流条件下的混凝-臭氧处理棉针织印染清废水

根据污染源头控制和废水回用的要求,对典型棉针织染整厂的不同生产过程废水排水水质特征进行了统计分析,提出了较实用的废水源头清浊分流方案。在此基础上重点研究了混凝-臭氧组合工艺对清废水处理效果,确定了最优的工艺条件。结果表明,清废水主要为洗水,占废水总量的25%～30%;混凝-臭氧组合工艺的最优工艺条件为：pH为6～9,PAC投加量为48 mg/L,PAM投加量为1.0 mg/L,臭氧接触时间为12 min（臭氧浓度为14.5 mg/L）,这时,清废水COD、色度去除率分别为71%和98%,实践证明,出水水质完全能够满足染整生产。     

生物膜填料塔净化模拟烟气和电厂烟气中SO2和NOx的对比实验

对生物膜填料塔对模拟烟气和电厂烟气的净化效果进行了实验研究。实验对比分析了在相同的实验条件下生物膜填料塔对不同烟气中SO2和NOx的净化效率。实验结果表明，在循环液温度在24～35℃、空床停留时间（EBRT）为60s、喷淋量为8～10L／h、脱硫塔的pH为0．8～1．5、脱氮塔的pH为7．5～8．0的条件下，生物膜填料塔对模拟烟气和电厂烟气中SO2的净化效率都很高，但模拟烟气条件下的总脱氮率的平均值为80％，而在电厂烟气条件下只有35％。经分析认为，脱氮率产生差异的主要原因是电厂烟气中杂质的影响，以及烟气中氧气含量的不同，同时因为生长条件不同从而驯化出的微生物群体组成也不同。     

旅游安全信息管理问题与对策研究

旅游安全是旅游业的生命线,旅游安全信息是旅游安全管理的基础。加强旅游安全信息管理,对提高旅游安全管理水平,促进旅游业的健康发展和提升社会管理水平等具有重要意义。界定了旅游安全信息管理的涵义,总结了加强旅游安全信息管理的意义,结合我国旅游安全信息管理的现状及旅游业发展的趋势,分析了当前我国旅游安全信息管理方面存在的问题,探讨改进我国旅游安全信息管理的对策,为全面提高我国旅游安全管理水平和旅游业的健康发展服务。     

An overview of the latest development of microencapsulation for agricultural products

Abstract

For the production of controlled‐release agricultural formulations microencapsulation technologies are now the most used. Over the past two decades enormous progress has been made in order to develop the technologies which allow us to produce formulations tailor made to reach the target and fitting our toxicological requirements. This lecture is devoted to the definition of the criteria for selection of an active ingredient for microencapsulation and to a detailed review of the various techniques used today in commerçai microencapsulated formulations.

Resources are increasingly allocated into microencapsulation research & development by many agrochemical companies. Therefore the next 20 years should continue to yield innovative ideas including significant improvement of the physico‐chemical and toxicological properties of the actual formulations on the market. Some of this new ideas are applied by our company in order to modify or improve those properties playing the key role in the intent for targeted activity:

√ Recombination during production or upon storage.

New protective colloides

Dermal toxicity (LD 50) ‐ secondary protective colloides.

√ Release rate parameters.

Modification by the change of mobility of the active ingredient from the core (solvent or fluid type) affecting transit time and therefore LD 50 values.

√ Oral toxicity (LD 50).

Graft copolymers irreversibly adsorbed to the capsule surface.     

Pentachlorotoluene and pentabromotoluene: Results of a subacute and a subchronic toxicity study in the rat

Abstract

Pentachlorotoluene (PCT) and pentabromotoiuene (PBT) are environmental contaminants detected in the Great Lakes ecosystem. In view of the paucity of toxicity data and the potential for human exposure, a subacute (28 day) and a subchronic (91 day) study were conducted in the rat. In the subacute study, groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were fed the diet containing PCT or PBT at 0, 0.5, 5.0, 50 or 500 ppm for 28‐days. In the subchronic study, the group size was increased to 15, the dose levels were 0, 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, 50 and 500 ppm in the diet and the exposure period was 91 days. Growth rate and food consumption were not affected by exposure to either chemical in the subacute and subchronic study. Clinical observations revealed no abnormalities. Decreased hemoglobin was observed in female rats fed 5.0 ppm PCT and higher levels in the subacute (28 day) study. In the same study the hematocrit value and erythrocyte numbers of females fed 5.0 or 500 ppm PCT diets were significantly lower than the control. In both subacute and subchronic studies mild dose‐dependent histopathological changes were observed in the thyroid, liver and kidney of rats fed PCT and PBT diets. In general male rats were more susceptible than females to the treatment of PCT and PBT. Based on these data, it was concluded that the no observable adverse effect level for PCT was 50 ppm in the diet (3.5 mg/kg b.w./day) and that of PBT was 5.0 ppm (0.35 mg/kg b.w./day).     

山西省城乡统筹发展效率的DEA分析

基于2009年山西省11个地级市城乡统筹发展的面板数据,运用数据包络分析（DEA）评价了各区域的城乡统筹发展效率,对其空间差异变化特征与规律进行了分析。结果表明,山西省城乡统筹发展效率总体上呈＂中部较高,普遍分化＂的分布特征,并存在两大＂DEA有效＂集群。自改革开放以来,山西省逐渐形成了中、东、西三大经济地带,即中部盆地区、东部山地区和西部高原丘陵区。规模效率是当前制约山西省城乡统筹发展综合效率的主要方面。全省普遍存在投入冗余现象,可通过优化环境、产业结构高级化、突出特色产业、提升产业技术、提高劳动力素质和城市化水平等途径来提高区域的城乡统筹发展效率。各区域之间城乡统筹发展效率的空间差异显著;对2009年山西省11个地级市进行相对效率分析,得出相对有效值为1的城市居多,北部朔州市和南端运城市相对效率差异明显,最后提出了相关政策建议。     

黑龙江省森林碳汇市场构建的可行性设计

随着全球森林碳汇市场市场份额扩大,黑龙江省凭借资源和区位等内在优势,森林碳汇市场发展前景可观。基于市场原则和组织框架的构建设想,依据市场定位和产品开发,对黑龙江省森林碳汇市场发展的可行性分阶段设计,提出适合的保障机制,为黑龙江省森林碳汇市场运行提供理论参考和现实依据。     

Treatment of wastewater from red and tropical fruit wine production by zeolite anaerobic fluidized bed reactor

A study of the anaerobic treatment of wastewaters derived from red (RWWW) and tropical fruit wine (TFWWW) production was carried out in four laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactors with natural zeolite as bacterial support. These reactors operated at mesophilic temperature (35°C). Reactors R1 and R2 contained Chilean natural zeolite, while reactors R3 and R4 used Cuban natural zeolite as microorganism support. In addition, reactors R1 and R3 processed RWWW, while reactors R2 and R4 used TFWWW as substrate. The biomass concentration attached to zeolites in the four reactors studied was found to be in the range of 44–46 g volatile solids (VS)/L after 90 days of operation time. Both types of zeolites can be used indistinctly in the fluidized bed reactors achieving more than 80%–86% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals for organic loading rates (OLR) of up to at least 20 g COD/L d. pH values remained within the optimal range for anaerobic microorganisms for OLR values of up to 20 and 22 g COD/L d for RWWW and TFWWW, respectively. Toxicity and inhibition levels were observed at an OLR of 20 g COD/L d in reactors R1 and R3 while processing RWWW, whereas the aforementioned inhibitory phenomena were not observed at an OLR of 24 g COD/L d in R2 and R4, treating TFWWW as a consequence of the lower phenolic compound content present in this substrate. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels were always lower in reactors processing TFWWW (R2 and R4) and these values (< 400 mg/L, as acetic acid) were lower than the suggested limits for digester failure. The specific methanogenic activity (SMA) was twice as high in reactors R2 and R4 than in R1 and R3 after 120 days of operation when all reactors operated at an OLR of 20 g COD/L d.     

日本建筑垃圾再资源化相关法规介绍

介绍了日本建筑垃圾的分类方法和种类以及与建筑垃圾再资源化有关的法律法规。     

工业类建设项目验收技术规范编制内容探讨

简述了我国建设项目环保验收技术规范颁布实施,以及国外对建设项目实行全过程监管方式现状,指出现行环保验收技术规范在行业性内容、验收监测频次、质量控制措施、总量核算方面存在的问题,提出,应出台总工业类环保验收技术规范,对出台行业类验收技术规范严格把关,并加大验收技术科研力度的建议.